الشرح الكامل لجميع ازمنه اللغه الانجليزيه

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
وبه نستعين
اليوم سوف اقوم بشرح جميع ازمنه اللغه الانجليزيه اسال الله ان يوفقني
و ان تعود بالنفع علي كل اعضاء منتدانا الغالي

سوف يتتضمن الموضع الازمنه بالترتيب التالي

Simple Present

Present Continuous

Simple Past

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perf. Cont.

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Cont.

Simple Future

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Cont.

Used to

Would Always

Future in Past
........................................ .......... ........................................ .......... ........................................ .......... .

Simple Present

يتكون زمن المضارع البسيط من الفعل في المصدر مع اضافه s للفعل عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب ( he , she ,it)

FORM Simple Present

EXAMPLE: to run
I run
you run
he runs
she runs
it runs
we run
they run

استخداماته
USE 1 Repeated Actions
الافعال المتكرره

يسنخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن فعل يتكررعاده. الفعل ممكن ان يكون عاده او هوايه او فعل يتكرر كل يوم او فعل مؤكد حدوثه او شىء غالبا ما يحدث .
ممكن ان يعبر ايضا عن شىء غالبا ما ينساه الفرد او لا يفعله

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does
.not do

:EXAMPLES
لاحظ اضافه s عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب

.I play tennis

.She does not play tennis

.The train leaves every morning at 8 am

.The train does not leave at 9am

.She always forgets her purse

.He never forgets his wallet

.Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun

.The sun does not circle the Earth

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
حقائق او التعميمات

يستخدم المضارع البسيط اذا كان المتحدث يعتقد الامر صحيح من قبل و صحيح الان و سوف يكون صحيح في المستقبل. ولا يهم اذا كان كلام المتحدث سليما ام لا .
يستخدم ايضالاصدار التعميمات عن الناس أوالأشياء .
The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people
.or things

:EXAMPLES

.Cats like milk

.Birds do not like milk

.The sun rises from the east

.California is in America

.California isnot in the United Kingdom

.Windows are made of glass

.Windows are not made of wood

.New York is a small city
(.It is not important that this fact is untrue)

(USE 3 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs

قد يستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حدث ممكن ان يحدث او لا يحدث الان.
وهذه الحاله تكون مصحوبه ب Non-continuous ,Mixed Verbs

Sometimes speakers use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

:EXAMPLES

.I am here now

.She is not here now

.He needs help right now

.He does not need help now

.He has a car

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Present
:EXAMPLES

Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVE

Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE

Present Continuous

FORM Present Continuous
يتكون زمن المضارع المستمرمن فعل يكون TO BE ثم الفعل مضافا اليه ING

[AM / IS / ARE] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLES:

.I am watching TV

He is quickly learning the language.

ملاحظه:عند استخدام باكثر من جزء ياتي الظرف بين الجزء الاول و الثاني
NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Present Continuous (is learning), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (is quickly learning).

استخداماته

USE 1 Now

يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن فعل يحدث الان او لا يحدث الان

Use the Present Continuous with Continuous Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

EXAMPLES:

.You are learning English now

.You are not swimming now

.I am sitting

.I am not standing
.They are reading their books

.They are not watching television

؟What are you doing

؟Why aren't you doing your homework

USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

في اللغه الانجليزيه كلمه الان ممكن ان تعني هذه اللحظه او اليوم او هذا الشهر اوهذا العام او هذا القرن و هكذا. احيانا نستخدم المضارع المستمر لنقول اننا عمل ما و العمل يسير قدما . من الممكن اننا لا نقوم بالفعل لحظه الكلام

In English, now can mean "this second," "today," "this month," "this year," "this century" and so on. Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

EXAMPLES: (All of these
(.sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant

.I am studying to become a doctor

.I am not studying to become a dentist

.I am reading the book Tom Sawyer

.I am not reading any books right now

؟Are you working on any special projects at work

؟Aren't you teaching at the University now

USE 3 Near Future

يستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن شىء سوف يحدث او لا يحدث في المستقبل القريب

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future

EXAMPLES

I am meeting some friends after work

I am not going to the party tonight

Is he visiting his parents next weekend

Isn't he coming with us tonight

"USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always

قد يأتي المضارع المستمر مصحوبا بكلمه مثل always او constantly بمعني دائما ليعبر عن صدمه او مفاجأه غالبا ما تحدث و هو يؤدي معني قريب في هذه الحاله من المضارع البسيط لكن للتعبير عن المشاعر السلبيه. تذكر يجب و ضع كلمه always بين verb to BE و verb+ing

The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

:EXAMPLES

She is always coming to class late

He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up

I don't like them because they are always complaining

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Continuous

:EXAMPLES

Right now, Tom is writing the letter. ACTIVE

Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. PASSIVE

Simple Past

FORM Simple Past

يتكون زمن الماضي البسيط من الفعل مضاف له ed
( verb+ed)

:EXAMPLES

I visited my friends

I often visited my friends

استخداماته

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

يستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن حدث بدأ و انتهي في وقت محدد بالماضي.

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind

:EXAMPLES

I saw a movie yesterday

I didn't see a movie yesterday

Last year, I traveled to Japan

Last year, I didn't travel to Japan

She washed her car

She didn't wash her car

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

نستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط لسرد مجموعه من الاحداث انتهت في الماضي

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions
.....in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th

EXAMPLES

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00

USE 3 Single Duration

يمكن ان يستخدم الماضي البسيط لمده زمنيه بدأت و انتهت في الماضي. المده الزمنيه الطويله غالبا ما تكون مصحوبه ببعض التعبيرات مثل for two years او
for five minutes او all day
او all year

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day" or "all year."

:EXAMPLES

I lived in Brazil for two years

Shauna studied Japanese for five years

They sat at the beach all day

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes

؟How long did you wait for them
We waited for one hour

USE 4 Habit in the Past

للتعبير عن عاده في الماضي

يمكن ان يستخدم الماضي البسيط ايضا للتعبير عن عاده توقفت في الماضي.

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past.

EXAMPLES

I studied French when I was a child

He played the violin

She worked at the movie theater after school

They never went to school, they always skipped

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Past

:EXAMPLES

Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE

The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE

Past Continuous

يتكون زمن الماضي المستمر من WAS / WERE ثم الفعل مضافا اليه ing
[WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing]

:EXAMPLES

I was studying when she called

I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Continuous (was picking), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (was carefully picking)
الاستخدامات

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

يستخدم الماضي المستمر ببيان فعل تمت مقاطعته في الماضي. و المقاطعه غالبا ما تكون ماضي بسيط
Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time

EXAMPLES

I was watching TV when she called

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter

While we were having a picnic, it started to rain

Sally was working when Joe had the car accident

While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

تحديد وقت معين كمقاطعه لفعل حدث في الماضي

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by an action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption

EXAMPLES

Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.

At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

IMPORTANT

Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner.
بدأت الاكل السادسه

Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.
عندما حانت الساعه السادسه كنت آكل بالفعل

USE 3 Parallel Actions

نستخدم الماضي المستمر عند وصف اكثر من فعل و هذه الافعال حدثت في نفس الوقت.
When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

:EXAMPLES

I was studying while he was making dinner

While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television

They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time

USE 4 Atmosphere
يستخدم المضارع المستمر لوصف المناخ العام لمجموعه من الاحداث فب الماضي
In English we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere in the past

:EXAMPLE

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad
.service

"USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always

يستخدم ايضا لوصف التكرار و الاثاره لاحداث غالبا ما كانت تحدث في الماضي

:EXAMPLES

She was always coming to class late

He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone

I didn't like them because they were always complaining

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Past Continuous
:EXAMPLES

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE

The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE

Present Perfect

يتككون زمن المضارع التام من HAS / HAVE ثم التصريف الثالث للفعل
[HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]

:EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie many times

I have never seen that movie

الاستخدامات

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

يعبر زمن المضارع التام لوصف فعل بدأ في الماضي في وقت غير محدد. و الوقت المحدد غير مهم و لا يمكن استخدام تعبيرات زمنيه مثل yesterday اوone year ago او when I was a chlid الخ.

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with time expressions such as "yesterday," "one year ago," "last week," "when I was a chlid," "when I lived in Japan," "at that moment," "that day" or "one day." We CAN use the Present Perfect with expressions like "ever," "never," "once," "many times," "several times," "before," "so far," "already" and "yet."

:EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie twenty times

I think I have met him once before

There have been many earthquakes in California

؟Has there ever been a war in the United States
Yes, there has been a war in the United States

People have traveled to the moon

(USE 2 Duration From Past Until Now (Non-continuous Verbs

للتعبير عن شيء ما بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان
With Non-continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks" and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

:EXAMPLES

I have had a cold for two weeks

She has been in England for six months

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect

:EXAMPLES

Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE

That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

Present Perfect Continuous

يتكون زمن الضارع التام المستمر من
[HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

:EXAMPLES

I have been waiting here for two hours

She has only been studying English for two years

استخداماته

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

يستخدم زمن المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect
Continuous

EXAMPLES

They have been talking for the last hour

She has been working at that company for three years

James has been teaching at the University since June

USE 2 Recently, Lately

يستخدم زمن الضارع التام المستمر بدونفتره زمنيه الاعطاء معني اشمل و اعم.
و نستخدم عامه في هذه الحاله تعبيرات مثل lately( مؤخرا)

You can use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday". Without the durations, the this tense gives a more general meaning of "lately". We often use the words "lately" or "recently" in the sentence to strengthen this meaning

:EXAMPLES

Recently, I have been feeling really tired

She has been watching too much television lately

Mary has been feeling a little depressed

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect Continuous

:EXAMPLES

Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE

Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE

ملحوظه: زمن المضارع التام المستمر نادرا ما ياتي بصيغه الغير مباشر

NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is rarely used in its passive form.

Past Perfect

يتكون زمن الماضي التام من [HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]
................................. التصريف الثالث للفعل

:Examples

I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S

They had never met an American until they met John

استخداماته

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in Past

يستخدم زمن الماضي التام للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في الماضي قبل حدث آخر. ممكن ان يعبر ايضا عن شيء حدث قبل وقت محدد في الماضي
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

EXAMPLES

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai

؟Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992

Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988

(USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-continuous Verbs

يستخدم للتعبير عن شيء بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي ان حدث شيء آخر
With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past

EXAMPLES

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down

By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years

IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect
عند استخدام فتره زمنيه محدده مع الماضي التام

عكس المضارع التام تماما ، فإنه يمكن استخدام كلمات محددة او عبارات مع الماضي التام. وإن كان ذلك ممكنا ، فإنه عادة ما لا يكون ضروريا
Unlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996

ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVE

Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. PASSIVE

Past Perfect Continuous

يتكون زمن الماضي التام المستمر من [HAD BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

EXAMPLES

I had been waiting there for two hours before she finally arrived

She had only been studying English for two years before she
got the job

استخداماته

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

يستخدم زمن الماضي التام المستمر لوصف فتره زمنيه بدأت في الماضي واستمرت حتى وقت آخر في الماضي.

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now

EXAMPLES

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived

She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business

James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past

استعمال الماضي التام المستمر قبل عمل آخرفي الماضي هو طريقة جيدة لاظهار السبب والنتيجة
Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect

EXAMPLES

Jason was tired because he had been jogging

Sam gained weight because he had been overeating

ملحوظه مهمه
اذا لم تشتمل الجمله علي فتره زمنيه "for five minutes," او"for two weeks" او"since Friday" الكثير من متحدثي الانجليزيه يستخدمون الماضي المستمر لكن هناك اختلاف في المعني يظهر عند مقارنه الامثله التاليه

IMPORTANT

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday", many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning. Compare the examples below

I was reading when my roommate returned
Emphasizes the interruption of "reading
يؤكد توقف "القراءة".

I had been reading for an hour when my roommate returned
Emphasizes the amount of time "for an hour
يؤكد مقدار الوقت "ساعة".

ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect Continuous

EXAMPLES

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years, before he moved to Paris. ACTIVE

The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two
years before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE

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